Transformation of the nuclear regulation model: Transition from a prescriptive method (Prescriptive) to risk-informed and performance-based (Risk-Informed & Performance-Based).

The essence of the transition: Changing the safety DNA

Prescriptive Regulation (Prescriptive Regulation) — "Do as written"

This is a traditional model. The regulator dictates how exactly the equipment should be made, how thick the walls should be and how many people should be on a shift.

• Principle: Compliance.
• Logic: "If you have followed all the points of the instruction, you are safe."
• Problem: Instructions are written based on past accidents. They do not foresee new risks and they kill innovation.

Performance-Based Regulation (PBR) — "Prove that this is safe"

This is a modern model. The regulator sets goals (for example, the maximum permissible fuel temperature or the probability of system failure).

• Principle: Achieving the result (Performance).
• Logic: "We don't care what technology you use, if you can prove (with calculations and tests) that the safety objective is achieved".
• Bonus: It is often combined with the Risk-Informed (Risk-Informed) approach — resources are spent only on what can actually lead to an accident.